Moreover, it presents recommendations fully consistent with the principles of the nomenclature of organic chemistry. In order to choose the most appropriate of the various nomenclature systems described, a flowchart is provided to guide the reader to a section or chapter where rules can be found for a particular type of compound or species. Copious examples are supplemented by an extensive subject index. Read more.Formula Name Formula Name. 2Cldioxygen chloride(1 ) or chloride S. Here is an example of a similar ligand and it can be named in three ways.
Summary: The Rules of Inorganic Nomenclature (the 'Red Book'), first published in 1958 by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), was most recently updated as Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry 1990. 2 2 dioxide(2 ) or peroxide Fe3+iron(3+) N. Table 2: Multiplicative prefixes for simple and complicated entities.
Sharpe, Inorganic Chemistry, 5th edition, 2018, 1248-1251. 268.Catalan, German, Portugese and Thai translations are in preparation.Catherine E. Chim., 2019, 437, 12-17.The Spanish version was published in Annales to Química, 2015, 111(4), after p. An A4 four sided version 1.3 is available.The French version was published in Actual. If you need to cite these rules please quote this reference as their source.A PDF of the printed version is available. MossSchool of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, version is as close as possible to the published version.
Stoichiometric or compositional names The content of this report are republished and disseminated as a four-sided lift-out document which will be available for inclusion in textbooks and similar publications. The present report provides a succinct summary of material presented in the publication Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry — IUPAC Recommendations 2005.
An overall summary of chemical nomenclature can be found in Principles of Chemical Nomenclature. The basics of this nomen- clature are shown here, and in companion documents on the nomenclature systems for organic chemistry and polymers , with hyperlinks to the original documents. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides recommendations on the nature and use of chemical nomenclature. Inorganic oxoacids and related compoundsThe universal adoption of an agreed chemical nomenclature is a key tool for communication in the chemical sciences, for computer-based searching in databases, and for regulatory purposes, such as those associated with health and safety or commercial activity.
It does not provide any structural information.For homoatomic entities, where only one element is present, the name is formed ( Table 1) by combining the element name with the appropriate multiplicative prefix ( Table 2). A stoichiometric or compositional name provides information only on the composition of an ion, molecule, or compound, and may be related to either the empirical or molecular formula for that entity. Most boron-containing compounds are treated using a special nomenclature. The nomenclature types described in this document are applicable to compounds, molecules and ions that do not contain carbon, but also to many structures that do contain carbon (Section 2), notably those containing elements of Groups 1–12. IUPAC is working towards identification of single names which are to be preferred for regulatory purposes (Preferred IUPAC Names, or PINs).The boundaries between organic and inorganic compounds are blurred. It should be noted that many compounds may have non-systematic or semi-systematic names (some of which are not accepted by IUPAC for several reasons, for example because they are ambiguous) and IUPAC rules allow for more than one systematic name in many cases.
Certain ions may have acceptable traditional names (used without charge numbers).Table 1: Examples of homoatomic entities. For some elements ( e.g., Fe, Ag, Au) a Latin stem is used before the ide ending (cf. Exceptions include Zn and group 18 elements ending in on, where the ide ending is added to the element names.
For example, POCl 3 (or PCl 3O, compositional name phosphorus trichloride oxide) is given an additive name in Table 10.Certain ions have traditional short names, which are commonly used and are still acceptable ( e.g., ammonium, NH 4 + hydroxide, OH – nitrite, NO 2 – phosphate, PO 4 3– diphosphate, P 2O 4–).Inorganic compounds in general can be combinations of cations, anions and neutral entities. In the latter case information is also provided about the way atoms are connected. Stoichiometry may be implied in some cases by the use of oxidation numbers, but is often omitted for common cases, such as in calcium fluoride.Heteropolyatomic entities in general can be named similarly using compositional nomenclature, but often either substitutive or additive nomenclature ( Section 2) is used. FormulaAgain, multiplicative prefixes ( Table 2) are applied as needed, and certain acceptable alternative names may be used. Thus the name of this formally electronegative element is given an ide ending and is placed after the name of the formally electropositive element followed by a space ( Table 3).Table 3: Examples of binary compounds. NoBinary compounds (those containing atoms of two elements) are named stoichiometrically by combining the element names and treating, by convention, the element reached first when following the arrow in the element sequence ( Figure 1) as if it were an anion.
Care must also be taken in situations when use of a simple multiplicative prefix may be misinterpreted, e.g., tris(iodide) must be used for 3I – rather than triiodide (which is used for I 3–), and bis(phosphate) rather than diphosphate (which is used for P 2O 7 4–). The prefixes are di, tri, tetra, etc., for use with names for simple entities, or bis(), tris(), tetrakis(), etc., for names for most entities which themselves contain multiplicative prefixes or locants. For this purpose multiplicative prefixes ( Table 2) are added to the name of each entity. FormulaBarium(2+) dioxide(2–) or barium peroxideAluminium potassium bis(sulfate)—water (1/12) orAluminium potassium bis(sulfate) dodecahydrateDialuminium tris(sulfate)—dipotassium sulfate—water (1/1/24)The number of each entity present has to be specified in order to reflect the composition of the com- pound.
Complexes and additive nomenclature 2.1 Overall approachAdditive nomenclature was developed in order to describe the structures of coordination entities, or complexes, but this method is readily extended to other molecular entities as well. In the special case of hydrates, multiplicative prefixes can be used with the term hydrate.2. The ratios of component compounds can be indicated, in general, using a stoichiometric descriptor in parentheses after the name (see the last three examples in Table 4). Inorganic compounds may themselves be components in (formal) addition compounds (last four examples in Table 4). There is no elision of vowels ( e.g., tetraaqua, pentaoxide), except in the special case of monoxide.Names of neutral components are separated by em dashes without spaces.
Formulae are constructed by adding the symbols or abbreviations of the ligands after the symbols of the central atoms ( Section 2.7).Table 5: Producing names for complexes: simple ligands. The names of complexes are constructed ( Table 5) by adding the names of the ligands before those of the central atoms, using appropriate multiplicative prefixes.
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